China’s scale and the need to balance economic development with emission reductions present a challenge in its transition to net zero. Over the past decade, the country has been top ranked in global energy production and consumption. China’s energy-related CO2 emissions have been trending upward to reach 28% of the global total in 2019, according to emission data from the International Energy Agency. At the same time, China has been a key driver of the growth in renewable energy generation capacity, accounting for 34-53% of the global annual growth over the period 2013 to 2021 (IRENA, 2022a).
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